1.2 understand the interconversions between the three states of matter in terms of: • the names of the interconversions • how they are achieved • the changes in arrangement, movement and energy of the particles.

Solid to Liquid- (melting) 

  • The particles gain kinetic energy and vibrate faster.
  • This allows the particles to overcome the forces of attraction that hold them in place in the solid state. 
  • The regular pattern is broken down and the particles are free to 'slide over' each other.

Liquid to Solid- (freezing)

  • The particles lose kinetic energy which then allows the forces of attraction between the particles to hold them together.
  • The particles are arranged in a regular pattern and cannot slide over each other.

Liquid to Gas- (boiling)

  • The particles gain kinetic energy and move further apart. 
  • The forces of attraction between the particles are completely destroyed and are then able to escape from the liquid.

Gas to Liquid- (condensing) 

  • The particles lose kinetic energy, this allows the forces of attraction to bring the particles closer together. 
  • The particles then cluster together to form a liquid.

Solid to Gas- (sublimation)

  • The particles gain kinetic energy and vibrate faster. 
  • Soon the forces of attraction between particles are completely broken and they are able to escape from the solid.

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